Kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwabantu n’umutungo, ndetse n’indwara. Nyamara, kwangiza ibidukikije kubidukikije kubintu bisanzwe bifite ibimenyetso bigaragara mukarere, kandi inshuro ziboneka ni nke. Ibintu byabantu nko guhumana kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza cyane ibidukikije byabantu. Irashobora gutera umunzani utandukanye wibintu byuburozi bikabije kandi bidakira, byongera umubare wa kanseri mubaturage, ndetse bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kumajyambere nubuzima bwibisekuruza bizaza. Guhumanya ibidukikije nta mbibi z’igihugu byangiza ibidukikije. Ntabwo igira ingaruka ku gihugu cyayo gusa, ahubwo ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije ku isi.
1. Ibibazo bishyushye ku ihumana ry’ibidukikije
(1) Guhumanya ikirere
1. Ubushyuhe bwisi nubuzima bwabantu
Ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwiyongereyeho indwara zimwe na zimwe zikwirakwizwa n’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’icyorezo mu turere dushyuha, nka malariya, umuriro wa dengue, imvura ishyushye y’umuhondo, vermicelli, encephalite y’Abayapani, iseru, n’ibindi. Icyorezo cy’icyorezo cyongerewe, kandi n’icyorezo cy’icyorezo yimukiye mu turere dukonje. Kwagura.
2. Kurimbuka kwa Ozone nubuzima bwabantu
Uruhare rwurwego rwa ozone: molekile ya ogisijeni irabagirana nizuba ryinshi ryizuba, cyane cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet imirasire ngufi kugirango itange ozone. Ku rundi ruhande, ozone irashobora gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet ifite uburebure bwa metero zitarenga 340, kandi ikabora ozone muri atome ya ogisijeni na molekile ya ogisijeni, ku buryo ozone iri mu cyiciro cya ozone ihora ikomeza kuringaniza imbaraga. Igice cya ozone gishobora gukurura imirasire migufi ya ultraviolet yangiza imirasire yizuba kandi ikagira ingaruka mubuzima bwabantu no kubaho. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana, kuri buri gipimo cya 1% muri O3 mu gipimo cya ozone, ubwiyongere bwa kanseri y’udukoko twa kanseri mu baturage bushobora kwiyongera 2% kugeza kuri 3%, naho abarwayi ba kanseri y’uruhu rw’abantu na bo baziyongera 2%. Umubare w’indwara z’ubuhumekero no gutwika amaso uziyongera ku bantu banduye. Kubera ko ADN ishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo ngengabuzima y'ibinyabuzima byose ishobora kwibasirwa n'imirasire ya ultraviolet, isenywa rya ozone rizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku myororokere no kororoka kw'inyamaswa n'ibimera.
3. Umwanda wa azote wanduye nubuzima bwabantu
Okiside ya Nitric, dioxyde ya azote nizindi aside ya azote ni imyanda ihumanya ikirere, ishobora gukangura ingingo zubuhumekero, igatera uburozi bukabije kandi budakira, kandi bikagira ingaruka no kubangamira ubuzima bwabantu.
4. Umwanda wa dioxyde de sulfure nubuzima bwabantu
Ingaruka za dioxyde de sulfure ku mubiri w'umuntu ni:
(1) Kurakaza inzira zubuhumekero. Dioxyde de sulfure irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi. Iyo inyuze mu kiziba cy'amazuru, trachea, na bronchi, iba yinjiye cyane kandi ikagumishwa na membrane y'imbere ya lumen, ihinduka aside ya sulfure, aside sulfurike na sulfate, ibyo bikaba byongera ingaruka zikangura.
(2) Uburozi bwahujwe na dioxyde de sulfure nibintu byahagaritswe. Dioxyde de sulfure nibintu byahagaritswe byinjira mumubiri wumuntu hamwe. Ibice bya aerosol birashobora gutwara dioxyde de sulfure mu bihaha byimbitse, bikongera uburozi inshuro 3-4. Byongeye kandi, iyo ibice byahagaritswe birimo ibice byicyuma nka trioxide yicyuma, birashobora guhagarika okiside ya dioxyde de sulfure mu gihu cya acide, cyandikirwa hejuru yuduce kandi kigasimbuzwa igice cyimbitse cyubuhumekero. Ingaruka zikurura aside ya sulfurike ikubye inshuro 10 kurenza iya dioxyde de sulfure.
(3) Ingaruka itera kanseri ya dioxyde de sulfure. Ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa bwerekanye ko 10 mg / m3 ya dioxyde de sulfure ishobora kongera ingaruka ziterwa na kanseri ya benzo [a] pyrene (Benzo (a) pyrene; 3,4-Benzypyrene). Ingaruka ziterwa na dioxyde de sulfure na benzo [a] pyrene, ubwandu bwa kanseri y'ibihaha by'inyamaswa burenze ubwa kanseri imwe. Byongeye kandi, iyo dioxyde de sulfure yinjiye mu mubiri w'umuntu, vitamine ziri mu maraso zizahuzwa na zo, bigatuma uburinganire bwa vitamine C mu mubiri butaringaniza, bityo bikagira ingaruka kuri metabolism. Dioxyde de sulfure irashobora kandi kubuza no gusenya cyangwa gukora ibikorwa byimisemburo imwe n'imwe, bigatera imvururu muri metabolism yisukari na proteyine, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikurire niterambere ryumubiri.
5. Umwanda wa karubone wangiza ubuzima nubuzima bwabantu
Umwuka wa karubone winjira mu mubiri w'umuntu n'umwuka urashobora guhuzwa na hemoglobine (Hb) mu maraso nyuma yo kwinjira mu maraso binyuze muri alveoli. Umubumbe wa monoxyde de carbone na hemoglobine wikubye inshuro 200-300 ugereranije na ogisijeni na hemoglobine. Kubwibyo, iyo monoxide ya karubone yibasiye umubiri, izahita ikomatanya karubasihemoglobine (COHb) na hemoglobine, ikarinda guhuza ogisijeni na hemoglobine kugirango ibe oxyhemoglobine (HbO2). ), bitera hypoxia gukora uburozi bwa karubone. Iyo uhumeka monoxyde de carbone hamwe na 0.5%, mugihe kingana niminota 20-30, umuntu ufite uburozi azagira impyiko nke, guhumeka buhoro, amaherezo ananiwe kugeza apfuye. Ubu bwoko bwuburozi bukabije bwa karubone monoxide ikunze kugaragara mu mpanuka zamahugurwa no gushyushya urugo utabishaka.
2. Guhumanya ibyumba nubuzima bwabantu
1. Guhumanya ibintu byangiza bikubiye mubikoresho byo gushushanya: ibikoresho bitandukanye byubaka ibiti nka pani, irangi, ibifuniko, ibifunga, nibindi bizakomeza kurekura fordehide. Formaldehyde ni uburozi bwa cytoplasmeque, bushobora kwinjizwa mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, inzira y'ibiryo ndetse n'uruhu. Ifite imbaraga zikomeye zitera uruhu, irashobora gutera coagulation na necrosis ya proteine za tissue, igira ingaruka mbi kuri sisitemu yo hagati, kandi na kanseri y'ibihaha. Umuti utandukanye hamwe nudukoryo dukoreshwa mugushushanya birashobora gutera umwanda wibinyabuzima bihindagurika nka benzene, toluene, xylene, na trichlorethylene.
2. Umwanda wo mu gikoni: Iyo utetse no gutwika, ibicanwa bitandukanye birashya bituzuye bitewe no gutanga ogisijeni idahagije, kandi hakabyara hydrocarbone nyinshi za polycyclic aromatic. Hydrocarbone ya aromatic buhoro buhoro polymerize cyangwa kuzunguruka kuri 400℃ ～800℃, hamwe na benzo yabyayeαPyrene ni kanseri ikomeye. Mugihe cyo guteka, amavuta yo guteka abora kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 270℃, n'umwotsi wacyo urimo hydrocarbone ya polycyclic aromatic nka benzo [α] pyrene na benzanthracene. Amavuta yo guteka, hamwe nibiryo nkamafi ninyama, birashobora kubyara hydrocarbone mubushyuhe bwinshi. , Aldehydes, acide karubike, amine ya heterocyclic nubwoko burenga 200 bwibintu, uburozi bwubwoko bwabwo burenze kure benzo [αpyrene.
3. Hydrogen sulfide na methyl mercaptan isohoka mu musarani no mu miyoboro irashobora kandi gutera uburozi budakira.
4. Umwanda wo kwisiga, imiti ya buri munsi nibicuruzwa bivura imiti.
5 "Igicu cya elegitoroniki" gishobora gutera umutwe, umunaniro, guhagarika umutima, gusinzira utuje, kandi bigira ingaruka kumikurire y'abana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-15-2021