Ku ya 22 Nzeri 2021, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryasohoye “Amabwiriza agenga ubuziranenge bw'ikirere ku isi” (Global Air Quality Guidelines), rikaba ari ubwa mbere kuva mu 2005 rishimangira umurongo ngenderwaho w’ikirere, twizera ko rizateza imbere ibihugu guhinduka mu isuku ingufu. Irinde urupfu n'indwara ziterwa no guhumanya ikirere.
Nk’uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza, umwanda wibasiwe n’amabwiriza mashya arimo ibintu byangiza na dioxyde ya azote, byombi biboneka mu myuka y’ibinyabuzima kandi bishobora kurokora “miliyoni z’abantu.”
Ikigereranyo cy’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi kigaragaza ko buri mwaka ihumana ry’ikirere ritera byibura miliyoni 7 zipfa imburagihe. Umuyobozi mukuru wa OMS, Tan Desai, mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nubwo urugero rw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yaba nkeya, “ihumana ry’ikirere rizagira ingaruka ku bice byose by’umubiri, kuva mu bwonko kugeza ku mwana ukura uri mu nda ya nyina.”
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryizera ko iri vugurura rizashishikariza ibihugu 194 bigize uyu muryango gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, na byo bikaba ari bimwe mu bitera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ku isi hose, ibihugu birahatirwa kwiyemeza gahunda yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mbere y’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye yabereye i Glasgow, muri otcosse, mu Gushyingo.
Abahanga bishimiye ayo mabwiriza mashya, ariko bafite impungenge ko, bitewe n’uko ibihugu byinshi ku isi binaniwe kubahiriza ibipimo bishaje, bidakomeye, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bizahura n’ingorane zo kubishyira mu bikorwa.
Dukurikije imibare ya OMS, mu 2019, 90% by'abatuye isi bahumeka umwuka wabonaga ko utameze neza n'amabwiriza ya 2005. Ibihugu bimwe, nk'Ubuhinde, biracyafite amahame y'igihugu arenze icyifuzo cya 2005.
Ibipimo by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi birarenze cyane ibyifuzo bya OMS byabanje. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byananiwe gukomeza igipimo cy’umwanda buri mwaka mu rwego rw’amategeko mu mwaka wa 2020, nubwo inganda n’ubwikorezi byahagaritswe kubera icyorezo gishya cy’ikamba.
Abahanga bavuga ko ingamba zo kurwanya umwanda zigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa bizana inyungu ebyiri, haba mu kuzamura ubuzima bw’abaturage ndetse no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bw’ikirere.
“Bombi bafitanye isano ya hafi.” nk'uko byatangajwe na Kurt Streff wahoze ari umuhanga mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri kanseri y’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) akaba n'umwarimu wasuye akaba n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cya Boston College Global Observation Observation Centre, “nubwo gushyira mu bikorwa bitoroshye. Imibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko kandi aya ni amahirwe rimwe mu buzima mu gihe cyo gukira nyuma y'icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba. ”
Amabwiriza mashya agabanya igipimo cy’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi PM2.5. PM2.5 bivuga ibice bito bitarenze microne 2,5, bitarenze kimwe cya gatatu cyubugari bwimisatsi yumuntu. Nibito bihagije kwinjira mubihaha ndetse no kwinjira mumaraso. Ukurikije imipaka mishya, impuzandengo yumwaka wa PM2.5 ntigomba kuba hejuru ya microgramo 5 / m3.
Icyifuzo cya kera cyagabanyije impuzandengo yumwaka ntarengwa yo hejuru ya 10. Ariko abahanga bemeje ko kumara igihe kirekire ahantu habi cyane bishobora gutera indwara zifata umutima, indwara yubwonko nizindi ngaruka mbi zubuzima.
Abibasiwe cyane ni abatuye mu bihugu bikennye kandi biciriritse bishingikiriza ku gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitange amashanyarazi.
Jonathan Grieg, umuganga w’abana akaba n’umushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Mwamikazi Mary ya Londere, yagize ati: “Ibimenyetso biragaragara ko abakene n’abaturage bafite imibereho mike bazahabwa imirasire myinshi kubera aho batuye.” Yavuze muri rusange. Muri make, ayo mashyirahamwe asohora umwanda muke, ariko ahura ningaruka nyinshi.
Yavuze ko kubahiriza amabwiriza mashya bidashobora guteza imbere ubuzima muri rusange, ahubwo binagabanya ubusumbane mu buzima.
OMS mu gutangaza ayo mabwiriza mashya, OMS yavuze ko “niba urwego rugezweho rwo guhumanya ikirere rugabanutse, hafi 80% by'impfu z'isi zijyanye na PM2.5 zishobora kwirindwa.”
Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, impuzandengo ya PM2.5 mu Bushinwa yari microgramo 34 kuri metero kibe, naho imibare i Beijing yari 41, kimwe n'umwaka ushize.
Aidan Farrow, umuhanga mpuzamahanga mu guhumanya ikirere muri kaminuza ya Greenpeace ya Exeter mu Bwongereza, yagize ati: “Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya niba guverinoma ishyira mu bikorwa politiki zikomeye zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nko guhagarika amakara, peteroli na gaze gasanzwe. Ishoramari, kandi dushyire imbere inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-29-2021